Cacti are specialized, drought-resistant plants with nearly 2,000 species, mostly native to the Americas, that can live up to 300 years. They survive by storing massive amounts of water in their stems, featuring spines that are actually modified leaves. Many cacti use CAM photosynthesis, opening stomata at night to save water.
Amazing Cactus Facts
Water Storage Experts: A saguaro cactus can store hundreds of gallons of water, with water potentially making up 90% of its total mass.
Surviving Drought: Cacti can go for one or two years without a single drop of water.
Giant Size: The tallest recorded cactus was over 78 feet tall.
Spines are Leaves: The spines protect the plant from animals and shade the stem, reducing water loss.
Not Just Deserts: While known for arid climates, some cacti grow in rainforests or cold mountains.
Night Bloomers: Many cacti produce flowers that only bloom for a single night.